N***@blythe.org
2008-01-11 19:47:22 UTC
Weinglass on Cuban 5 and How Politics Subverts Justice
Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit
The Guardian - Jan 9, 2008
http://www.guardian.co.uk
'Society has become more punitive'
For 40 years, Leonard Weinglass has been the defence lawyer in some of
America's most spectacular trials, representing the Chicago Eight, the
kidnappers of Patty Hearst and the man who helped bring down President
Nixon. He tells Duncan Campbell why the current case of the Cuban Five
shows how politics is derailing the US justice system
by Duncan Campbell
This month a series of billboards will start appearing in US cities
informing pass- ers-by about five prisoners serving up to life
sentences in US jails. While the Cuban Five, as they are known, are
heroes in their home country and in parts of Latin America, they are
virtually unknown in the land where they are incarcerated. Soon they
are due back in court and Leonard Weinglass, their lawyer, believes the
case should be as famous as any political trial in the US over the past
four decades.
Weinglass should know. In fact, if you wanted to understand American
politics over the past four decades, you could do worse than to study
the casebook of this quietly spoken New York-based lawyer whose task it
is to try and free them. From the Chicago Eight to Jane Fonda, from
Angela Davis to the kidnappers of Patty Hearst, from Daniel Ellsberg to
Amy Carter, Weinglass has represented the defendants in many of the
most spectacular real-life courtroom dramas.
He is in London to meet British parliamentarians and raise awareness of
the Cuban Five, a story that has hovered under the radar in the US. The
five young Cuban men, who had infiltrated anti-Castro groups in Miami
that were planning sabotage in Cuba, were convicted of espionage
offences in 2001. Weinglass believes they are victims of a grave
miscarriage of justice and that the courtroom acts as a barometer of a
country's political health.
It was the trial of the Chicago Eight, the anti-Vietnam war protesters
arrested in the wake of the riots at the Democratic party's convention
in 1968, that first propelled Weinglass into the legal limelight. The
defendants included Abbie "Steal This Book" Hoffman; Tom Hayden, a
political activist who would later become a Democrat congressman; and
Bobby Seale, who appeared in court manacled and with his mouth taped
shut. The trial is the subject of a forthcoming Steven Spielberg film.
A few years later, Weinglass found him self defending Daniel Ellsberg,
the man who, in 1971, leaked the Pentagon papers on the hidden history
of the Vietnam war, which were instrumental in the downfall of
President Nixon. He has kept in touch with many of his old clients.
"Last summer, Dan Ellsberg and Tom Hayden and I were speaking at a
community east of Vancouver that was founded by a group of Russians who
had their way there paid by Tolstoy during the Tsar's period because
they had thrown down their weapons and burned them in a ceremonial
bonfire," says Weinglass. "During the Vietnam war, they welcomed
American war resisters and they are still helping those [soldiers
refusing to fight in the Iraq war] who are coming now."
What perplexes Weinglass is that his current case has had scant
attention in the American mainstream media. "There is very little
coverage except in the leftwing or Latin press. I was on Wolf Blitzer
on CNN about six months ago, and I received many calls afterwards from
people who were shocked to learn about it for the first time. It's
inexplicable. Here you have a case, the longest trial in the US at the
time it was heard, with a US admiral, the adviser to the president,
Cuban generals, all testifying in a criminal trial that covered the
40-year history of US-Cuban relations and it received no press."
He draws parallels between the Cuban case and that of Ellsberg. "In
Dan's case, the court process had to examine the 40-year history
between the US and Vietnam, so both cases are the product of foreign
policy failures and responses to those failures, which is rare in court
proceedings. Most cases are two-dimensional - what happened, who did
it? In these cases you went into a third dimension - why? That gives it
political content."
The trial had started on the heels of the case involving Elian
Gonzalez, the shipwrecked boy who was eventually returned to his father
in Cuba. "There were 100,000 people in the street protesting against
Elian's return approximately three months before the case began. There
is great fear and intimidation in Miami. Some of those called to serve
on the jury said they thought they could be fair, but they were afraid
for their families if they reached a verdict that was unacceptable to
the Cuban exile community. A banker said he felt he would lose his
business. The jury foreman was asked about Cuba and he said it was a
'communist dictatorship and I will be pleased when it is removed'."
Weinglass drew up the trial brief for Angela Davis, the black radical,
when she stood trial for murder in 1972. She, unlike the Cubans, was
acquitted. "Angela's case involved a black woman, a member of the
Communist party, tried for the murder of a judge in a rural Californian
community, in front of an all-white jury. She was defended by excellent
African-American lawyers and a decision was made correctly that her
legal team would be all of colour, but I wrote the trial brief. The
issue was: could she be acquitted without testifying? They were afraid
that if she testified the prosecution would get into a lot of her
political associations which she would not publicly reveal. So she had
to run the risk of a life sentence in order to keep private her
political associations. She prevailed, I believe, largely because the
whole world was watching.
"In the Cuban Five case, there were demonstrations in front of the
courthouse, people dangling nooses, calling for the hanging of the
five, editorial comment in the local paper saying this was the first
step in getting Fidel Castro and urging the indictment of Castro in a
Noriega-type attack on Cuba. The environment was more hostile in the
case of the Cuban Five. Angela, I believe, was saved by the
international and domestic support network which the Five did not have."
So what has changed in the decades since the Chicago Eight, Ellsberg
and Davis were all cleared? "Society has become far more punitive and
the system reflects that. The UN general assembly considered a ban on
life sentences for juveniles - people under 18 - and the vote was 185
in favour of the ban with only the US voting against. That is because
we have 2,300 juveniles doing life, including some from 13 years old.
This generates no discussion in the US. In the 60s, a life sentence
would mean that after 24 years you would be eligible for parole, and
you would have to be released after 34. Under the Clinton
administration, they abolished parole. If you get life, you are in
prison until you die.
"When I argued the Chicago Eight appeal, the court set aside two days
for argument; when we argued the case of the Five, all five were given
a total of 15 minutes, so I had three minutes to argue my client's life
sentence. That is attributed to judicial efficiency which, of course,
curtails the rights of the accused. So the system operates faster and
more punitively, and there is no groundswell to address this in either
party. We now have distinguished liberal professors, like Alan
Dershowitz of Harvard, calling for the courts to issue warrants for
torture and an attorney-general who refuses to acknowledge that
water-boarding is torture. There can't even be a robust debate in the
US on an issue as fundamental as torture."
Why the change in climate? "I think it's a reaction to the 60s, to what
most people considered an overly permissive era, which was followed by
a sharp increase in crime, which was followed by a vindictive reaction,
which we are still undergoing. In the 60s there were 700,000 people in
prison and 600 on death row. Now there are 2m in custody and 3,200 on
death row." He also believes that verdicts reflect public moods. "The
Chicago Eight were right on the issues of war and racism. Dan Ellsberg
was right on the Vietnam war. Angela was clearly innocent and was tried
at the height of the black liberation struggle in the US."
One of Weinglass's best-known cases was that of Emily and Bill Harris
for kidnapping Patty Hearst in 1974. They were convicted, but Weinglass
believes they had a fair trial. "It was a sensational kidnapping. It
had the largest ransom ever paid and her father had to come up with
several million dollars worth of food for the poor." Remarkably, the
Harrises were free within a decade. How come? "Let me just say that
they benefited from the influence of the Hearst family, who didn't want
their daughter to testify."
Weinglass's Wikipedia biography has apparently been written by a malign
rightwinger. It suggests, falsely, that he was an adviser to the Hanoi
government. "I think it's hilarious," he says. "I can't imagine anyone
believing it as an honest source." He did defend Jane Fonda after she
went to Hanoi and broadcast to the US pilots who were bombing the city,
asking them to consider the consequences of what they were doing. There
was a call to charge her with treason and the House Committee on
Un-American Activities subpoenaed her to testify. "I sat with a group
of lawyers who felt we should file a lawsuit to quash that, but after
talking to Jane we decided to take a totally different tack: she would
publicly thank the committee for the subpoena and say she was willing
to testify. The strategy was correct. The committee met and withdrew
the subpoena. They were afraid of having Jane there. They never charged
her."
Another client was Amy Carter, daughter of the former president, who
was arrested in 1987 with 15 others for occupying a university building
which was used by the CIA for recruitment during the war waged by the
Contras against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. The students were charged
with criminal trespass. "We used the defence of justification and
necessity which says, 'Yes, I did the crime, but it should be excused
because I did it to prevent a greater wrong.' A conservative jury in
Massachusetts acquitted, which was a wonderful victory."
Weinglass is also currently dealing with the case of Kurt Stand and his
wife, Theresa Squillacote, who were jailed a decade ago for attempted
espionage (for the former East Germany) and obtaining national defence
information "to be used to the injury of the United States". The FBI
bugged every room of the Stands' home and used what they heard to brief
a psychologist who would then train an undercover agent to penetrate
the family. "It's quite a story," says Weinglass. "Most Americans would
not believe that the FBI records bedroom conversations and then brings
in psychologists to train an undercover agent to betray a family."
Each case, he says, has its "heartbreak and satisfaction". Now 74, he
sees no reason to stop. "The typical call I get is one that starts by
saying, 'You're the fifth attorney we've called.' Then I get
interested".
The history of the Cuban Five
Three of the Cuban Five are serving life sentences, the others 19 and
15 years, after being convicted in a US federal court in Miami on June
8 2001. They are Gerardo Hern!ndez, Ramn Labaino, Antonio Guerrero,
Fernando Gonz!lez and Ren(c) Gonz!lez. All were accused of committing
espionage. Their defence was that they were involved in infiltrating
and monitoring Miami-based anti-Castro groups to prevent terrorist
attacks on Cuba. These organisations have mounted various attacks on
the island over the years; the Five claimed that as many as 3,000
people have died as a result.
The seven-month trial began in November 2000 in a hostile atmosphere,
but motions from defence attorneys for a change of venue were denied.
In 2005, a three-judge panel of the circuit court of appeals overturned
the convictions and ordered a new trial outside Miami. This decision
was reversed by a 12-judge panel. Nine remaining issues of appeal are
before the three-judge panel and a decision is expected shortly.
(c) Guardian News and Media Limited 2008
*
=================================================================
NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems
Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us
Our main website: http://www.blythe.org
List Archives: http://blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/
Subscribe: http://blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr
=================================================================
Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit
The Guardian - Jan 9, 2008
http://www.guardian.co.uk
'Society has become more punitive'
For 40 years, Leonard Weinglass has been the defence lawyer in some of
America's most spectacular trials, representing the Chicago Eight, the
kidnappers of Patty Hearst and the man who helped bring down President
Nixon. He tells Duncan Campbell why the current case of the Cuban Five
shows how politics is derailing the US justice system
by Duncan Campbell
This month a series of billboards will start appearing in US cities
informing pass- ers-by about five prisoners serving up to life
sentences in US jails. While the Cuban Five, as they are known, are
heroes in their home country and in parts of Latin America, they are
virtually unknown in the land where they are incarcerated. Soon they
are due back in court and Leonard Weinglass, their lawyer, believes the
case should be as famous as any political trial in the US over the past
four decades.
Weinglass should know. In fact, if you wanted to understand American
politics over the past four decades, you could do worse than to study
the casebook of this quietly spoken New York-based lawyer whose task it
is to try and free them. From the Chicago Eight to Jane Fonda, from
Angela Davis to the kidnappers of Patty Hearst, from Daniel Ellsberg to
Amy Carter, Weinglass has represented the defendants in many of the
most spectacular real-life courtroom dramas.
He is in London to meet British parliamentarians and raise awareness of
the Cuban Five, a story that has hovered under the radar in the US. The
five young Cuban men, who had infiltrated anti-Castro groups in Miami
that were planning sabotage in Cuba, were convicted of espionage
offences in 2001. Weinglass believes they are victims of a grave
miscarriage of justice and that the courtroom acts as a barometer of a
country's political health.
It was the trial of the Chicago Eight, the anti-Vietnam war protesters
arrested in the wake of the riots at the Democratic party's convention
in 1968, that first propelled Weinglass into the legal limelight. The
defendants included Abbie "Steal This Book" Hoffman; Tom Hayden, a
political activist who would later become a Democrat congressman; and
Bobby Seale, who appeared in court manacled and with his mouth taped
shut. The trial is the subject of a forthcoming Steven Spielberg film.
A few years later, Weinglass found him self defending Daniel Ellsberg,
the man who, in 1971, leaked the Pentagon papers on the hidden history
of the Vietnam war, which were instrumental in the downfall of
President Nixon. He has kept in touch with many of his old clients.
"Last summer, Dan Ellsberg and Tom Hayden and I were speaking at a
community east of Vancouver that was founded by a group of Russians who
had their way there paid by Tolstoy during the Tsar's period because
they had thrown down their weapons and burned them in a ceremonial
bonfire," says Weinglass. "During the Vietnam war, they welcomed
American war resisters and they are still helping those [soldiers
refusing to fight in the Iraq war] who are coming now."
What perplexes Weinglass is that his current case has had scant
attention in the American mainstream media. "There is very little
coverage except in the leftwing or Latin press. I was on Wolf Blitzer
on CNN about six months ago, and I received many calls afterwards from
people who were shocked to learn about it for the first time. It's
inexplicable. Here you have a case, the longest trial in the US at the
time it was heard, with a US admiral, the adviser to the president,
Cuban generals, all testifying in a criminal trial that covered the
40-year history of US-Cuban relations and it received no press."
He draws parallels between the Cuban case and that of Ellsberg. "In
Dan's case, the court process had to examine the 40-year history
between the US and Vietnam, so both cases are the product of foreign
policy failures and responses to those failures, which is rare in court
proceedings. Most cases are two-dimensional - what happened, who did
it? In these cases you went into a third dimension - why? That gives it
political content."
The trial had started on the heels of the case involving Elian
Gonzalez, the shipwrecked boy who was eventually returned to his father
in Cuba. "There were 100,000 people in the street protesting against
Elian's return approximately three months before the case began. There
is great fear and intimidation in Miami. Some of those called to serve
on the jury said they thought they could be fair, but they were afraid
for their families if they reached a verdict that was unacceptable to
the Cuban exile community. A banker said he felt he would lose his
business. The jury foreman was asked about Cuba and he said it was a
'communist dictatorship and I will be pleased when it is removed'."
Weinglass drew up the trial brief for Angela Davis, the black radical,
when she stood trial for murder in 1972. She, unlike the Cubans, was
acquitted. "Angela's case involved a black woman, a member of the
Communist party, tried for the murder of a judge in a rural Californian
community, in front of an all-white jury. She was defended by excellent
African-American lawyers and a decision was made correctly that her
legal team would be all of colour, but I wrote the trial brief. The
issue was: could she be acquitted without testifying? They were afraid
that if she testified the prosecution would get into a lot of her
political associations which she would not publicly reveal. So she had
to run the risk of a life sentence in order to keep private her
political associations. She prevailed, I believe, largely because the
whole world was watching.
"In the Cuban Five case, there were demonstrations in front of the
courthouse, people dangling nooses, calling for the hanging of the
five, editorial comment in the local paper saying this was the first
step in getting Fidel Castro and urging the indictment of Castro in a
Noriega-type attack on Cuba. The environment was more hostile in the
case of the Cuban Five. Angela, I believe, was saved by the
international and domestic support network which the Five did not have."
So what has changed in the decades since the Chicago Eight, Ellsberg
and Davis were all cleared? "Society has become far more punitive and
the system reflects that. The UN general assembly considered a ban on
life sentences for juveniles - people under 18 - and the vote was 185
in favour of the ban with only the US voting against. That is because
we have 2,300 juveniles doing life, including some from 13 years old.
This generates no discussion in the US. In the 60s, a life sentence
would mean that after 24 years you would be eligible for parole, and
you would have to be released after 34. Under the Clinton
administration, they abolished parole. If you get life, you are in
prison until you die.
"When I argued the Chicago Eight appeal, the court set aside two days
for argument; when we argued the case of the Five, all five were given
a total of 15 minutes, so I had three minutes to argue my client's life
sentence. That is attributed to judicial efficiency which, of course,
curtails the rights of the accused. So the system operates faster and
more punitively, and there is no groundswell to address this in either
party. We now have distinguished liberal professors, like Alan
Dershowitz of Harvard, calling for the courts to issue warrants for
torture and an attorney-general who refuses to acknowledge that
water-boarding is torture. There can't even be a robust debate in the
US on an issue as fundamental as torture."
Why the change in climate? "I think it's a reaction to the 60s, to what
most people considered an overly permissive era, which was followed by
a sharp increase in crime, which was followed by a vindictive reaction,
which we are still undergoing. In the 60s there were 700,000 people in
prison and 600 on death row. Now there are 2m in custody and 3,200 on
death row." He also believes that verdicts reflect public moods. "The
Chicago Eight were right on the issues of war and racism. Dan Ellsberg
was right on the Vietnam war. Angela was clearly innocent and was tried
at the height of the black liberation struggle in the US."
One of Weinglass's best-known cases was that of Emily and Bill Harris
for kidnapping Patty Hearst in 1974. They were convicted, but Weinglass
believes they had a fair trial. "It was a sensational kidnapping. It
had the largest ransom ever paid and her father had to come up with
several million dollars worth of food for the poor." Remarkably, the
Harrises were free within a decade. How come? "Let me just say that
they benefited from the influence of the Hearst family, who didn't want
their daughter to testify."
Weinglass's Wikipedia biography has apparently been written by a malign
rightwinger. It suggests, falsely, that he was an adviser to the Hanoi
government. "I think it's hilarious," he says. "I can't imagine anyone
believing it as an honest source." He did defend Jane Fonda after she
went to Hanoi and broadcast to the US pilots who were bombing the city,
asking them to consider the consequences of what they were doing. There
was a call to charge her with treason and the House Committee on
Un-American Activities subpoenaed her to testify. "I sat with a group
of lawyers who felt we should file a lawsuit to quash that, but after
talking to Jane we decided to take a totally different tack: she would
publicly thank the committee for the subpoena and say she was willing
to testify. The strategy was correct. The committee met and withdrew
the subpoena. They were afraid of having Jane there. They never charged
her."
Another client was Amy Carter, daughter of the former president, who
was arrested in 1987 with 15 others for occupying a university building
which was used by the CIA for recruitment during the war waged by the
Contras against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. The students were charged
with criminal trespass. "We used the defence of justification and
necessity which says, 'Yes, I did the crime, but it should be excused
because I did it to prevent a greater wrong.' A conservative jury in
Massachusetts acquitted, which was a wonderful victory."
Weinglass is also currently dealing with the case of Kurt Stand and his
wife, Theresa Squillacote, who were jailed a decade ago for attempted
espionage (for the former East Germany) and obtaining national defence
information "to be used to the injury of the United States". The FBI
bugged every room of the Stands' home and used what they heard to brief
a psychologist who would then train an undercover agent to penetrate
the family. "It's quite a story," says Weinglass. "Most Americans would
not believe that the FBI records bedroom conversations and then brings
in psychologists to train an undercover agent to betray a family."
Each case, he says, has its "heartbreak and satisfaction". Now 74, he
sees no reason to stop. "The typical call I get is one that starts by
saying, 'You're the fifth attorney we've called.' Then I get
interested".
The history of the Cuban Five
Three of the Cuban Five are serving life sentences, the others 19 and
15 years, after being convicted in a US federal court in Miami on June
8 2001. They are Gerardo Hern!ndez, Ramn Labaino, Antonio Guerrero,
Fernando Gonz!lez and Ren(c) Gonz!lez. All were accused of committing
espionage. Their defence was that they were involved in infiltrating
and monitoring Miami-based anti-Castro groups to prevent terrorist
attacks on Cuba. These organisations have mounted various attacks on
the island over the years; the Five claimed that as many as 3,000
people have died as a result.
The seven-month trial began in November 2000 in a hostile atmosphere,
but motions from defence attorneys for a change of venue were denied.
In 2005, a three-judge panel of the circuit court of appeals overturned
the convictions and ordered a new trial outside Miami. This decision
was reversed by a 12-judge panel. Nine remaining issues of appeal are
before the three-judge panel and a decision is expected shortly.
(c) Guardian News and Media Limited 2008
*
=================================================================
NY Transfer News Collective * A Service of Blythe Systems
Since 1985 - Information for the Rest of Us
Our main website: http://www.blythe.org
List Archives: http://blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/
Subscribe: http://blythe-systems.com/mailman/listinfo/nytr
=================================================================